Item Banks for Measuring Emotional Distress From the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®): Depression, Anxiety, and Anger

TLDR

The study develops and calibrates PROMIS item banks for depression, anxiety, and anger. The authors performed extensive literature searches, qualitative item analysis, and wrote 168 items, then calibrated final banks of 28–29 items using item response theory on a sample of nearly 15,000 respondents. Test information curves indicate the PROMIS banks provide greater information than conventional measures across a severity range of about –1 to +3 SD, and short forms of seven to eight items yield comparable information to legacy measures.

Abstract

The authors report on the development and calibration of item banks for depression, anxiety, and anger as part of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). Comprehensive literature searches yielded an initial bank of 1,404 items from 305 instruments. After qualitative item analysis (including focus groups and cognitive interviewing), 168 items (56 for each construct) were written in a first person, past tense format with a 7-day time frame and five response options reflecting frequency. The calibration sample included nearly 15,000 respondents. Final banks of 28, 29, and 29 items were calibrated for depression, anxiety, and anger, respectively, using item response theory. Test information curves showed that the PROMIS item banks provided more information than conventional measures in a range of severity from approximately -1 to +3 standard deviations (with higher scores indicating greater distress). Short forms consisting of seven to eight items provided information comparable to legacy measures containing more items.