Carbon Nanotube Gas and Vapor Sensors

TLDR

Carbon nanotubes, discovered in 1991, have attracted interdisciplinary interest because their electronic structure makes them extremely sensitive to local chemical changes, positioning them as promising but still challenging candidates for chemical sensors. Carbon‑nanotube sensors have shown impressive sensitivity and selectivity, and although still in infancy, continued progress could yield commercially viable, ultra‑small sensors with unrivaled performance.

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes have aroused great interest since their discovery in 1991. Because of the vast potential of these materials, researchers from diverse disciplines have come together to further develop our understanding of the fundamental properties governing their electronic structure and susceptibility towards chemical reaction. Carbon nanotubes show extreme sensitivity towards changes in their local chemical environment that stems from the susceptibility of their electronic structure to interacting molecules. This chemical sensitivity has made them ideal candidates for incorporation into the design of chemical sensors. Towards this end, carbon nanotubes have made impressive strides in sensitivity and chemical selectivity to a diverse array of chemical species. Despite the lengthy list of accomplishments, several key challenges must be addressed before carbon nanotubes are capable of competing with state-of-the-art solid-state sensor materials. The development of carbon nanotube based sensors is still in its infancy, but continued progress may lead to their integration into commercially viable sensors of unrivalled sensitivity and vanishingly small dimensions.