Microwave Backscatter Dependence on Surface Roughness, Soil Moisture, and Soil Texture: Part II-Vegetation-Covered Soil

Abstract

Results are presented of an experimental investigation to determine the relationship between radar backscatter coefficient σ ° and soil moisture for vegetation-covered soil. These results extend a previous report which showed the experimental relationship between σ° and soil moisture for bare soil [1]. It is shown that the highest correlation between σ° and soil moisture is 0.92 for the combined response of four crop types measured at 4.25 GHz, 10° incidence angle, and HH polarization. Radar look direction, relative to the crop row direction, is shown to have an insignificant effect on soil moisture estimation if the radar frequency is higher than 4 GHz. The dependence on soil type can be minimized by expressing soil moisture in units of percent of field capacity. The possibility of using a single radar for measuring soil moisture for both bare and vegetated fields is demonstrated with a linear estimation algorithm having an experimental correlation coefficient of 0.8.