Neoliberalism as language policy

TLDR

Neoliberalism functions as a covert language policy that promotes the global spread of English, a dynamic intensified by the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis, the rise of competitiveness as a core value, and the manipulation of internationalization criteria in university rankings. The study aims to reflect on the social costs of elevating competitiveness as a core value that shapes language choice. The authors analyze the spread of English as a medium of instruction in South Korean higher education, showing that competition is structured by testing, assessment, and ranking mechanisms that privilege English, with university rankings serving as a covert language policy. The authors conclude that elevating competitiveness as a core value imposes social costs on language choice. Keywords: English as a global language,.

Abstract

Abstract This article explores how an economic ideology—neoliberalism—serves as a covert language policy mechanism pushing the global spread of English. Our analysis builds on a case study of the spread of English as a medium of instruction (MoI) in South Korean higher education. The Asian financial crisis of 1997/98 was the catalyst for a set of socioeconomic transformations that led to the imposition of “competitiveness” as a core value. Competition is heavily structured through a host of testing, assessment, and ranking mechanisms, many of which explicitly privilege English as a terrain where individual and societal worth are established. University rankings are one such mechanism structuring competition and constituting a covert form of language policy. One ranking criterion—internationalization—is particularly easy to manipulate and strongly favors English MoI. We conclude by reflecting on the social costs of elevating competitiveness to a core value enacted on the terrain of language choice. (English as a global language, globalization, higher education, medium of instruction (MoI), neoliberalism, South Korea, university rankings)*