Science · 2007 · 969 citations · 16 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesOceanographyChemical OceanographyClimate SciencePhysical OceanographyCarbon CycleClimate ChangeGreenhouse EffectOcean-atmosphere CouplingOcean-atmosphere InteractionSouthern OceanographyAir-sea Carbon ExchangeAir-sea Co2 FluxesAtmospheric Carbon DioxideCarbon DioxideCarbon Source-sink DynamicsOcean Carbon SinkOcean Uptake Of Carbon DioxideOceanic Carbon Budgets
Based on observed atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and an inverse method, we estimate that the Southern Ocean sink of CO2 has weakened between 1981 and 2004 by 0.08 petagrams of carbon per year per decade relative to the trend expected from the large increase in atmospheric CO2. We attribute this weakening to the observed increase in Southern Ocean winds resulting from human activities, which is projected to continue in the future. Consequences include a reduction of the efficiency of the Southern Ocean sink of CO2 in the short term (about 25 years) and possibly a higher level of stabilization of atmospheric CO2 on a multicentury time scale.
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The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
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Southern Ocean sea-ice extent, productivity and iron flux over the past eight glacial cycles
Eric Wolff, Hubertus Fischer, Felix Fundel et al. · Nature · 2006 · 632 citations · Full text