Phosphorylated ERα, HIF-1α, and MAPK Signaling As Predictors of Primary Endocrine Treatment Response and Resistance in Patients With Breast Cancer

Abstract

Activated ERalpha form was an independent factor for sensitivity to chemoendocrine treatment, whereas HIF-1alpha and p44/42 MAPK were independent factors for resistance. Although further confirmatory analyses are needed, these findings have clear potential implications for future strategies in the management of clinical trials with aromatase inhibitors in the breast cancer.