Probiotic dietary supplementation in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease: a 6-month pilot scale trial in Canada

Abstract

Orally administered probiotic bacteria selected to metabolize nitrogenous wastes may be tolerated for as long as 6 months. A major limitation of this trial is its small size that may have precluded detection of changes in other biochemical or hematologic parameters that would be evident in larger cohorts. Extension of the evaluation of this probiotic bacterial mixture will include a dose escalation trial in a similar prospective, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study site.