Heart Rate Reduction by Ivabradine Reduces Oxidative Stress, Improves Endothelial Function, and Prevents Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Abstract

Selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine decreases markers of vascular oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, and reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.