Validity and reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (SCI-TALS)

TLDR

DSM‑IV identifies three stress‑response disorders—acute stress, post‑traumatic stress, and adjustment disorders—arising from specific life events, and the literature also describes complicated grief as a bereavement‑triggered condition. The study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SCI‑TALS, a structured interview designed to assess the spectrum of stress responses. The SCI‑TALS is built on a spectrum model that captures soft signs, low‑grade symptoms, subthreshold syndromes, and temperament/personality traits, and the study recruited 48 PTSD patients, 44 CG patients, and 48 controls from six Italian psychiatry departments to test it. Domain scores were significantly higher for PTSD and CG patients than controls, correlated strongly with established measures, and CG patients scored especially high on grief reactions, supporting a distinct grief‑related condition and similar manifestations across stress‑response disorders.

Abstract

DSM-IV identifies three stress response disorders (acute stress (ASD), post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and adjustment disorders (AD)) that derive from specific life events. An additional condition of complicated grief (CG), well described in the literature, is triggered by bereavement.This paper reports on the reliability and validity of the Structured Clinical Interview for Trauma and Loss Spectrum (SCI-TALS) developed to assess the spectrum of stress response. The instrument is based on a spectrum model that emphasizes soft signs, low-grade symptoms, subthreshold syndromes, as well as temperamental and personality traits comprising clinical and subsyndromal manifestations. Study participants, enrolled at 6 Italian Departments of Psychiatry, included consecutive patients with PTSD (N = 48), CG (N = 44), and controls (N = 48).We showed good reliability and validity of the SCI-TALS. Domain scores were significantly higher in participants with PTSD or CG compared to controls. There were high correlations between specific SCI-TALS domains and corresponding scores on established measures of similar constructs. Participants endorsing grief and loss events reported similar scores on all instruments, except those with CG who scored significantly higher on the domain of grief reactions.These results support the existence of a specific grief-related condition and the proposal that different forms of stress response have similar manifestations.