Advanced Functional Materials · 2003 · 341 citations · 29 references
Natural SciencesChemistryMaterials ScienceOptical MaterialsPolymer ChemistrySemiconductor MaterialsConducting PolymersLight-emitting DiodesLuminescent MaterialsOptical PolymersOptoelectronic MaterialsOrganic SemiconductorsExternal Quantum EfficiencyFluorescent PolymersLuminescent PolymersLuminous MaterialsOrganic Light-emitting DiodesOrganic Light-emitting MaterialsPolymer Host MaterialsQuantum Efficiency
Abstract We report high‐efficiency green electrophosphorescent light‐emitting diodes obtained by using tris[9,9‐dihexyl‐2‐(phenyl‐4′‐(‐pyridin‐2″‐yl))fluorene]iridium( III ) (Ir(DPPF) 3 ) as the guest, and a blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) with 2‐ tert ‐butylphenyl‐5‐biphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol (PBD) as the host. The electrophosphorescent emission is characteristic of Ir(DPPF) 3 , with its maximum at 550 nm. An external quantum efficiency of 8 % photons per electron and luminous efficiency of 29 cd A –1 , with maximum brightness of 3500 cd m –2 , were achieved at 1 wt.‐% concentration of Ir(DPPF) 3 . The devices exhibited no emission from PVK or PBD, even at the lowest concentration of Ir(DPPF) 3 (0.1 wt.‐%). The results indicate that Förster energy transfer plays a minor role in achieving high efficiencies in these devices. Direct charge trapping appears to be the main operating mechanism.
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A Theory of Sensitized Luminescence in Solids
D. L. Dexter · The Journal of Chemical Physics · 1953 · 8.9K citations
Sergey Lamansky, Peter I. Djurovich, Drew Murphy et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2001 · 2.8K citations