Nucleation and oriented crystallization apatite in ionotropic gels

Abstract

Abstract We regard and handle intercellular tissue like gels with ordered fiber molecules. By this preparative histolysis and histogenesis the formation of bone and tooth can be looked upon as a chemical reaction of a cell‐secretion with the interstitial liquid seen as colloidal. The symplex alginate–collagen was directed by diffusion of Ca and H ions and then mineralized like bone and tooth. Collagen in the symplex with alginate gives big pores similar to the spongiosa of bone. Implantation in animals shows healing without rejection and inflammation. The ionotropic gel for a leading structure was remineralized and calcified with hydroxyapatite. Higher temperature gives better crystals by the increasing rate of diffusion and recrystallization. By alternately changing waves of phosphate and calcium, the content of calcium phosphate of the ionotropic gels could be increased to 50%. The mechanical stability was then increased. Waves of ions cause a shrinking of the gel at the same time. This is the reason for the high stability of bone and tooth, shell and pearl. Citrate favors the transformation of the secondary phosphate Brushit into apatite even at room temperature. X‐Ray diffractions of these crystals show the formation of 90% apatite in ionotropic gels by directed intermicellar crystallization, and only 10% Brushit.