Serum Placental Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Soluble Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor‐1 and ‐2 Levels in Periodontal Disease, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract

The serum levels of IL-1β, VEGF, and sVEGFR-1 and -2 may have a potential effect on the mechanism of the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes.