Guide to field classification by sex and age of the muskox

Abstract

Reliable data on sex–age class composition of muskox (Ovibos moschatus) herds are necessary prerequisites to any successful management initiative. The classification requires some training to be exact; this paper presents a photographic record and description of field characteristics of a total of eight different sex–age classes, thus enabling the observer to perform a correct herd segregation. Differentiation of muskoxen relies primarily on horn development and secondarily on body and pelage.