Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · 2000 · 54 citations · 53 references
Social SciencesSocial PsychologyGraphic DesignMedia CriticismVisual CommunicationRepresentation In FilmViolenceAudience Perception Of ViolenceFear ProcessingMedia Violence EffectsVideo Content Analysis
This content analysis identifies the web of context that typically appears in the portrayal of television fictional violence. Highly graphic portrayals of violence are most likely in live action non-humorous programs with human perpetrators and targets. Graphicness was also found to vary across consequences to the victim, levels of reward, and use of weapons. The web of context that typically surrounds highly graphic portrayals is likely to lead to a fear effect more so than to desensitization or disinhibition.
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Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication
Albert Bandura · Media Psychology · 2001 · 3.3K citations
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
The “Mainstreaming” of America: Violence Profile No. 11
George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Michael Morgan et al. · Journal of Communication · 1980 · 1.1K citations