Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Production in Vascular Endothelial Cells by All- <i>trans</i> Retinoic Acid Through the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway

Abstract

ATRA increases NO production by eNOS phosphorylation through RAR-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway activation in vascular ECs and possibly plays beneficial roles in vascular endothelium. Retinoids may therefore be candidates as novel therapeutic agents against vascular disorders with endothelial damage.