Background duality of open-string models

String theory beyond the Planck scale

David J. Gross, Paul F. Mende · Nuclear Physics B · 1988 · 1.3K citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Cosmology +11

New heterotic string theories in uncompactified dimensions < 10

K.S. Narain · Physics Letters B · 1986 · 966 citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Physics +14

Superstrings in the early universe

R. Brandenberger, Cumrun Vafa · Nuclear Physics B · 1989 · 913 citations

Natural Sciences, Astronomy, Physics +12

The Hagedorn transition and the number of degrees of freedom of string theory

Joseph J. Atick, Edward Witten · Nuclear Physics B · 1988 · 804 citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Condensed Matter Physics +4

The high-energy behavior of string scattering amplitudes

David J. Gross, Paul F. Mende · Physics Letters B · 1987 · 789 citations

Natural Sciences, Physics, Theoretical Physics +8