IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · 2004 · 339 citations · 11 references
EngineeringComputer ScienceNeuroscienceMotor ControlNeural EngineeringNeurophysiologyBrain-computer InterfacesElectroencephalogram AnalysisElectroencephalogram Signal ProcessingElectroencephalographyNeural InterfacesWord RecognitionBrain-computer Interface InputBrain-computer Interface Signal ProcessingElectroencephalography-based Brain-computer InterfacesMotor Imagery AnalysisMotor Imagery Decoding
An improvement of the information transfer rate of brain-computer communication is necessary for the creation of more powerful and convenient applications. This paper presents an asynchronously controlled three-class brain-computer interface-based spelling device [virtual keyboard (VK)], operated by spontaneous electroencephalogram and modulated by motor imagery. Of the first results of three able-bodied subjects operating the VK, two were successful, showing an improvement of the spelling rate sigma, the number of correctly spelled letters/min, up to sigma = 3.38 (average sigma = 1.99).
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Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communication
G. Pfurtscheller, Christa Neuper · Proceedings of the IEEE · 2001 · 1.9K citations