Sexual and Other Noninjection Risks for HBV and HCV Seroconversions among Noninjecting Heroin Users

Abstract

NIUs are at considerable risk of HBV infection via high-risk sex; and, for HCV, via high-risk sexual activity and the sharing of noninjecting crack-use equipment. Interventions in NIUs must seek to reduce high-risk sexual activity and the sharing of noninjecting drug-use equipment.