Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Its Inhibitor, PAI-1, as Prognostic Markers in Breast Cancer: From Pilot to Level 1 Evidence Studies

Abstract

uPA and PAI-1 are among the first biological prognostic factors to have their clinical value validated using LOE-1 evidence studies. Determination of these analytes may help identify low-risk node-negative breast cancer patients for whom adjuvant chemotherapy is unnecessary.