Tracheal lacerations after endotracheal intubation: a proposed morphological classification to guide non-surgical treatment☆☆☆

Abstract

Level I or II PITL should be managed non-surgically. When adequate respiratory status is present, Level IIIA PITL can be managed conservatively in selected institutions only, because these injuries are high-risk injuries. Any PITL associated with injury involving the oesophagus or with mediastinitis (Level IIIB) must be treated as soon as possible by surgery.