Transforming growth factor- -induced alpha-smooth muscle cell actin expression in renal proximal tubular cells is regulated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1,2 and the Smad signalling during epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation

Abstract

TGFbeta-induced alphaSMA expression is regulated by the coordinated activation of a complex system of parallel MAPK and Smad signalling pathways in renal proximal tubular cells during epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation.