Structure and nature of the metal-support interface: characterization of iridium clusters on magnesium oxide by extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Abstract

X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to characterize the metal-support interface in catalysts consisting\nof very small Ir clusters of nearly uniform nuclearity on the surface of MgO powder. [Ir4(CO)12] on MgO was converted\nin high yield into [HIr4(CO)11]- and separately into [Ir6(CO)15l2-. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)\ndata are consistent with the hypothesis that each cluster retained its nuclearity upon decarbonylation. The average\nIr-Ir coordination in Ir,/MgO is 2.6 neighbors at a distance of 2.72 A, and the structure is modeled as a mixture of\n40-50% tetrahedra and the remainder four-atom rafts on MgO. The average Ir-Ir coordination in Ir6/MgO is 2.7\nneighbors at a distance of 2.12 A, and the structure is modeled as a mixture of about 25% Ir6 octahedra and the\nremainder Ir rafts on MgO. Another sample was treated in H2 at 623 K to give a typical supported metal catalyst\nhaving a distribution of Ir clusters averaging 10 8, in diameter. The Ir-support interfaces in Ir4/MgO and Irb/MgO\nare characterized by single Ir-Mg coordinations at 1.6 A and fourfold Ir-O coordinations at 2.6 A; the interface It\natoms are suggested to be atop Mg ions in the (100) faces of MgO. However, this structural model is simplified, and\nthe Ir-Mg interactions are not fully understood. The results demonstrate that the structurally simple supported Ir\nclusters are among the simplest supported metals; the metal-oxygen distances of approximately 2.6 Aare quite generally\ncharacteristic of metal particles and clusters supported on metal oxides and zeolites; the long distance is attributed to\nmetal atoms interacting with oxygen of the support with hydrogen present at the interface.