Journal of the International Phonetic Association · 1996 · 22 citations · 10 references
Language StudiesArabicLinguisticsMorphologyPhoneticsPhonologyComparative PhonologyConsonant PhoneticsConsonant RepresentationPhonological AnalysisPhonological RepresentationPhonological VariationApproximant ConsonantsCentral ApproximantPharyngeal Consonant RepresentationPhonetic ImplementationPhonological UniversalsVoiceless Fricative
As an extensive study of Hebrew and Arabic has revealed that [ʕ] is an approximant in ordinary speech, and as we have no reason to believe that [ʕ] is different in other languages, we should consider [ʕ] to represent not a fricative but a voiced pharyngeal approximant.
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The Phoneme: Its Nature and Use
William J. Entwistle, Daniel Jones · The Modern Language Review · 1951 · 198 citations
The Emphatic and Pharyngeal Sounds in Hebrew and in Arabic
Asher Laufer, Thomas Baer · Language and Speech · 1988 · 119 citations