Recent advances and current developments in tissue scaffolding.

TLDR

A bio‑scaffold is a structure used to substitute an organ, with material choice depending on application, and tissue engineering requires specific properties such as osteoinduction, osteoconduction, angiogenesis, cell growth rates, and degradation rate for temporary scaffolds. The study reviews the state of the art in tissue scaffolds, focusing on permanent scaffold materials and applications while briefly summarizing temporary scaffold materials and their disadvantages. The authors conduct a literature review of permanent scaffold materials and applications, with a concise overview of temporary scaffold materials and their drawbacks.

Abstract

A bio-scaffold can be broadly termed as a structure used to substitute an organ either permanently or temporarily to restore functionality. The material that can be used varies with the application intended. Tissue engineering is one such application demanding certain requirements to be met before it is applied. One of the applications in tissue engineering is the tissue scaffold, which provides either a permanent or temporary support to the damaged tissues/organ until the functionalities are restored. A biomaterial can exhibit specific interactions with cells that will lead to stereotyped responses. The use of a particular material and morphology depends on various factors such as osteoinduction, osteoconduction, angiogenesis, growth rates of cells and degradation rate of the material in case of temporary scaffolds, etc. The current work reviews the state of art in tissue scaffolds and focuses on permanent scaffold materials and applications with a brief overview of temporary scaffold materials and their disadvantages.