Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α Secretion and Toll‐Like Receptor 2 and 4 mRNA Expression by Genital Mucosal Fluids from Women with Bacterial Vaginosis

Abstract

These experiments show that genital mucosal fluids and certain bacteria from women with BV stimulate TNF- alpha secretion and TLR4 mRNA expression, suggesting mechanisms whereby BV affects pregnancy and HIV transmission.