2005 · 74 citations · 35 references
ComputingComputer ScienceComputational LinguisticsInformation RetrievalNatural Language ProcessingDialogue SystemsLanguage ModelingNatural Language UnderstandingQuestion AnsweringRetrieval ModelsText SummarizationQuestion Answering SystemsTemplate-based Question Answering
Automated question-answering aims at delivering concise information that contains answers to user questions. This paper reviews and compares three main question-answering approaches based on natural language processing, information retrieval and question templates, eliciting their differences and the context of application that best suits each of them.
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George A. Miller · Communications of the ACM · 1995 · 14.1K citations · Full text
A translation approach to portable ontology specifications
Thomas Gruber · Knowledge Acquisition · 1993 · 12.5K citations
Understanding natural language
Terry Winograd · Cognitive Psychology · 1972 · 2.8K citations