IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · 2001 · 26 citations · 13 references
EngineeringElectrical EngineeringOpticsOptoelectronicsPhotonicsFinite Difference Time Domain AnalysisOptical ResonatorsOptical WaveguidesPhotonic Integrated CircuitsPhotonic MaterialsSemiconductor LasersCavity DesignLaser ThresholdPolarization-dependent GainPolarization-dependent LossSingle-mode LasersSingle-mode OperationVertical-cavity Surface-emitting LasersWaveguide Modes
Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW-type) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are designed for high-power single-mode operation. A detailed full-vector finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) study shows strong modal discrimination in favor of the fundamental mode for large aperture (>6 μm), large index-step (/spl Delta/n>0.025) simplified ARROW-type devices. The FDTD model identifies the polarization-dependent radiation losses of the higher order modes, which prevent them from reaching laser threshold.
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