Annual Review of Sociology · 2001 · 253 citations · 79 references
Hate SpeechCrime ScienceEconomic CriminologyViolent CrimeData CollectionSociologyHate ViolenceCrime AnalysisLawPolitical ScienceCriminal LawHate Crime PatternsHate CrimesAggressionSocial SciencesCriminal JusticeHate Crime
Hate crime is difficult to define, measure, and explain. After summarizing some of the leading conceptual issues and theoretical perspectives, we discuss the practical difficulties associated with data collection. Although the research literature remains small and largely descriptive, recent studies have begun to relate hate crime patterns to economic cycles, population flows, and changes in the political environment. The task ahead is to extend these analyses to other settings and levels of aggregation.
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