The Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Young Children: Comparison of Findings from Several Developing Countries

TLDR

Investigators from 10 countries collected incidence, pathogen, case‑fatality, and risk‑factor data on acute respiratory tract infection in children aged 0–59 months. Across six community studies, ARI incidence ranged 12.7–16.8 per 100 child‑weeks, with younger children most affected and 21.7–40.1 % of weeks spent with ARI; RSV dominated lower‑respiratory‑tract‑infection pathogens, risk‑factor patterns varied, and interventions could substantially reduce high‑risk levels.

Abstract

Investigators from 10 countries studied the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) among children 0–59 months old. Data on incidence rates, by age, gender, and season; on pathogenic agents; on case-fatality rates; and on selected risk factor findings are presented. Incidence rates from six of the community-based studies ranged from 12.7 to 16.8 new episodes of ARI per 100 child-weeks at risk, and rates of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) ranged from 0.2 to 3.4 new episodes per 100 child-weeks at risk. Children spend from 21.7010 to 40.1% of observed weeks with ARI and from 1% to 14.4% of observed weeks with LRI. The incidence rates for ARI are highest in younger children. Viruses, especially respiratory syncytial virus, are isolated more frequently than bacteria from children with episodes of LRI. Risk factors exhibited different patterns of association with ARI in different studies. Interventions could have great impact on high-risk levels common in the study populations. These studies provide interesting and useful data on the epidemiologic dynamics of ARI.