Frameless Stereotactic Neurosurgery Using Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Stereotactic Brain Biopsy

Abstract

Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging allows excellent target localization, provides true real-time imaging to account for anatomic changes during surgery, and permits intraoperative confirmation that the biopsy needle has reached the targeted lesion. Immediate postoperative imaging in the operating room allows assessment of adverse events and the potential for immediate management of hemorrhagic complications.