Association of Anti–Cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels with PADI4 haplotypes in early rheumatoid arthritis and with shared epitope alleles in very late rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

The PADI4 RA risk haplotype is associated with increased anti-CCP levels in RA patients with disease of short duration, and PADI4 may play a role in early RA. In contrast, SE alleles are associated with increased anti-CCP levels in RA patients with very longstanding disease and in patients with erosive RA, suggesting that SE alleles play a role in very late RA.