Ipsilateral Brachial Plexus Block and Hemidiaphragmatic Paresis as Adverse Effect of a High Thoracic Paravertebral Block

Abstract

Brachial plexus block can occur by a route parallel to a nerve connecting the second intercostal nerve and T1 nerve, that is, Kuntz nerve. The hemidiaphragmatic paresis was attributed to the ascending spread of local anesthetic toward the area where the phrenic nerve bypasses the subclavian artery and vein.