Macrophage‐Adipocyte Interaction: Marked Interleukin‐6 Production by Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

A ligand for TLR-4 stimulates macrophages to produce TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha, thus produced, cooperatively up-regulates IL-6 production with other soluble factors secreted either from adipocytes or macrophages in these cells. Markedly up-regulated IL-6 would greatly influence the pathophysiology of diabetes and its vascular complications.