Metals bioleaching from electronic waste by <i>Chromobacterium violaceum</i> and <i>Pseudomonads</i> sp

Abstract

These days, electronic waste needs to be taken into consideration due to its materials content, but due to the heterogeneity of the metals present, reprocessing of electronic waste is quite limited. The bioleaching of metals from electronic waste was investigated by using cyanogenic bacterial strains (Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens). A two-step bioleaching process was followed under cyanide-forming conditions for maximum metals mobilization. Both single and mixed cultures of cyanogenic bacteria were able to mobilize metals from electronic waste with different efficiencies. In all the flasks in which high metal mobilizations were observed, the consequent biomass productions were also high. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was applied in the bioleaching process for the first time and this achieved its bioleaching ability of mobilization of metals from electronic waste. Chromobacterium violaceum as a single culture and a mixture of C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa exhibited maximum metal mobilization. Chromobacterium violaceum was capable of leaching more than 79, 69, 46, 9 and 7% of Cu, Au, Zn, Fe and Ag, respectively at an electronic waste concentration of 1% w/v. Moreover, the mixture of C. violaceum and P. aeruginosa exhibited metals leaching of more than 83, 73, 49, 13 and 8% of total Cu, Au, Zn, Fe, and Ag, respectively. Precious metals were mobilized through bioleaching which might be considered as an industrial application for recycling of electronic waste in the near future.