Potassium Depletion and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Dahl Rats: Effect on Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate Excretions

Abstract

Weanling male inbred Dahl rats (Jr salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) strains) were placed on high (4%, HK) and low (0.2%, LK) potassium diets for 4 weeks. Both diets contained 8% sodium chloride, 2.5% calcium, 0.8% magnesium, and 2.0% phosphorous. Balance studies were carried out during the final week on the diets. Mean arterial blood pressure was determined, and dietary intake and urinary output of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate were monitored daily during this period. The data show that blood pressures of S rats were significantly higher than those of R rats on both HK and LK diets; however, reduced dietary potassium was associated with increased blood pressure in both strains. Urinary excretions of calcium and magnesium were higher, and urinary phosphate excretion was lower, in S compared to R rats. Decreased potassium intake was associated with increased excretion of calcium, magnesium and phosphate in both strains. The changes in calcium and magnesium excretion were significantly correlated to blood pressure across strains and diets. We conclude that the effects of a high salt diet on increasing blood pressure can be potentiated by lack of potassium, even in previously salt-resistant rats. Increased blood pressure is associated with increased divalent cation excretion. It is not yet known whether this is a cause-and-effect relationship.