Free-Space Optical Communications

TLDR

Free‑space optical communications have been demonstrated successfully in laboratory, in‑atmosphere, and space settings, yet their high system costs still hinder operational deployment. The study proposes that cost reductions can be achieved through two development strategies. These strategies involve (1) photon‑counting receivers that boost vacuum‑channel efficiency by an order of magnitude, thereby lowering complexity, weight, and power, and (2) coherent systems that mitigate clear‑air turbulence and interference in multiple‑access links, further cutting costs.

Abstract

With recent successes of laboratory, inatmosphere, and space demonstrations of free-space optical communications, there is no doubt that the technology is ready for operational deployment. While these successes have shown that there are no laws of physics against such systems, their estimated system costs are still much too high for serious considerations. Two types of development can reduce the cost dramatically. The first is via the improvement of physical-link communication efficiency by an order of magnitude using photon-counting receivers for vacuum channels, system complexity, weight, and power for space systems can be greatly reduced. The second is through the use of coherent systems in links where clear-air turbulence impairs communication efficiency, and in multiple access applications where coherent processing can reduce the level of interference, significant reduction in system costs can be realized