Can programming be liberated from the two-level style

Abstract

Since the introduction of object-oriented programming few programming languages have attempted to provide programmers with more than objects and classes, i.e., more than two levels. Those that did, almost exclusively aimed at describing language properties-i.e., their metaclasses exert linguistic control on language concepts and mechanisms-often in order to make the language extensible. In terms of supporting logical domain classification levels, however, they are still limited to two levels.