Activity Theory: A framework for qualitative analysis

TLDR

Activity Theory is a theoretical framework that analyzes human interaction through tools and artifacts, offering a holistic, contextual method for qualitative research in fields such as information systems, health care, and education, especially where historical and cultural contexts and rapid change shape participants, purposes, and tools. The paper provides an introductory overview of Activity Theory for readers from any discipline. The authors start with an overview of the theory’s foundations and background. The paper concludes by summarizing recent studies that applied Activity Theory for analysis and discovery, highlighting its practical value.

Abstract

This paper aims to provide readers with a useful introduction to Activity Theory, regardless of their field of study. Examples are given which include areas of research such as: information systems development, information systems in organizations, health care, and education. Activity Theory is a theoretical framework for the analysis and understanding of human interaction through their use of tools and artefacts. Activity Theory offers a holistic and contextual method of discovery that can be used to support qualitative and interpretative research. Activity Theory is particularly relevant in situations that have a significant historical and cultural context and where the participants, their purposes and their tools are in a process of rapid and constant change. The paper begins with an overview and background to the theory. Then, after explicating the practical value of its use, the paper concludes with a summary of some recent research which has used the method for analysis and discovery. The key concept of Activity Theory arises through an understanding of human consciousness as it has been shaped by experience and the subjectivity of human awareness.