Axial Ratio Enhancement for Circularly-Polarized Millimeter-Wave Phased-Arrays Using a Sequential Rotation Technique

Abstract

Circular polarization is indispensable for robust wireless communication between mobile devices that operate at mm-wave frequencies. Additionally, phased-array solutions are required to cope with the associated free space path loss. In view of the size constraints for antennas integrated on (Bi)CMOS chips, an array of linearly polarized dipoles using a sequential rotation scheme is an attractive approach to comply with all mentioned requirements. When steering such an array off broadside, however, the axial ratio will severely degrade. It is the purpose of this communication to demonstrate how the axial ratio can be retained by compensating the amplitudes and phases of the individual antenna elements. Measured results on a 6 GHz test-bed show that the axial ratio with the proposed calibration scheme remains below 3 dB within the 3 dB beamwidth of the scanned beam. Results from a 60 GHz test-bed confirm the effectiveness of the method.