Exact analysis of class E tuned power amplifier at any Q and switch duty cycle

Abstract

Previous analytical descriptions of a Class E high-efficiency switching-mode tuned power amplifier have been based on the assumption of an infinite <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> or the minimum possible value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> . This paper presents an exact analysis of the Class E amplifier at any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> and any switch duty cycle <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</tex> , along with experimental results. The basic equations governing the amplifier operation are derived analytically using Laplace-transform techniques and assuming a constant current through the dc-fed choke. The following performance parameters are determined for optimum operation: the current and voltage waveforms, the peak collector current and collector-emitter voltage, the output power, the power-output capability, the load-network component values, and the spectrum of the output voltage. It is shown that all parameters of the amplifier are functions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> . Therefore, the high- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> assumption used in previous analyses leads to considerable errors. For example, for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q &lt; 7</tex> at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D = 0.5</tex> , some errors are up to 60 percent. The results can be used for designing Class E stages at any <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> and switch duty cycle <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</tex> . The measured performance shows excellent agreement with the design calculations. The collector efficiency was over 96 percent at 2 MHz for all tested values of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> from 0.1 to 10.