The Psychology of Radicalization and Deradicalization: How Significance Quest Impacts Violent Extremism

TLDR

Radicalization involves supporting or engaging in activities that violate important social norms, ranging from mere attitudinal support to active violence. The study proposes a radicalization and deradicalization model in which the pursuit of personal significance drives individuals toward violent extremism. The model posits three components: a motivational quest for personal significance, an ideological framework that legitimizes violence, and a social networking process that embeds individuals in violence‑justifying groups. Empirical data support the model’s assumptions and suggest that policies targeting the motivational and ideological drivers could prevent radicalization and promote deradicalization.

Abstract

We present a model of radicalization and deradicalization based on the notion that the quest for personal significance constitutes a major motivational force that may push individuals toward violent extremism. Radicalization is defined as the process of supporting or engaging in activities deemed (by others) as in violation of important social norms (e.g., the killing of civilians). In these terms, radicalization (1) is a matter of degree (in which mere attitudinal support for violence reflects a lower degree of radicalization than actual engagement in violence); (2) represents a subjective judgment proffered by those for whom the violated norms seem important but not by those who have devalued or suppressed the norms in question. Our radicalization/deradicalization model contains three crucial components: (1) the motivational component (the quest for personal significance) that defines a goal to which one may be committed, (2) the ideological component that in addition identifies the means of violence as appropriate for this goal's pursuit, and (3) the social process of networking and group dynamics through which the individual comes to share in the violence‐justifying ideology and proceeds to implement it as a means of significance gain. We present empirical evidence consistent with our model's assumptions and discuss its implications for policies of preventing radicalization and effecting deradicalization.