Reward‐related decision‐making in pediatric major depressive disorder: an fMRI study

TLDR

Reward processing is a key component of affective functioning, yet few studies have examined reward decisions in youth with affective disorders, and depression is hypothesized to involve reduced activity in reward‑related systems. Using fMRI, the study compared 9–17‑year‑olds with major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, or no psychiatric history on a reward‑decision task that varied reward magnitude and probability and separated decision/anticipation from outcome phases. Participants with MDD exhibited diminished neural responses in reward‑related brain regions during both decision and outcome phases, with symptom severity correlating with activation, indicating altered reward processing independent of anxiety.

Abstract

Background: Although reward processing is considered an important part of affective functioning, few studies have investigated reward‐related decisions or responses in young people with affective disorders. Depression is postulated to involve decreased activity in reward‐related affective systems. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined behavioral and neural responses to reward in young people with depressive disorders using a reward decision‐making task. The task involved choices about possible rewards involving varying magnitude and probability of reward. The study design allowed the separation of decision/anticipation and outcome phases of reward processing. Participants were 9–17 years old and had diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, or no history of psychiatric disorder. Results: Participants with MDD exhibited less neural response than control participants in reward‐related brain areas during both phases of the task. Group differences did not appear to be a function of anxiety. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with activation in reward‐related brain areas. Conclusions: Results suggest that depression involves altered reward processing and underscore the need for further investigation of relations among development, affective disorders, and reward processing.