B‐MODE GRAY‐SCALE ULTRASOUND: IMAGING ARTIFACTS AND INTERPRETATION PRINCIPLES

Abstract

The production and identification of gray‐scale ultrasonic imaging artifacts and some basic principles of ultrasonic interpretation are reviewed, discussed, and demonstrated with canine ultrasonograms. Imaging artifacts produced by ultrasound matter interactions include:reverberations, shadowing, through transmission and refractive and reflective zones. Technical imaging artifacts discussed include: off‐normal incidence defects, echo displacement, and improper time gain compensation settings. Interpretation principles to distinguish mass lesions, cystic structures, and calculi within abdominal parenchymal organs are presented.