The PSD95–nNOS interface

TLDR

Excitotoxic cell death involves the stress‑activated kinase p38 and nitric oxide, with PSD95 recruiting nNOS to NMDA receptors, yet the role of PSD95–nNOS coupling in p38 activation and neurotoxicity remains unclear. Using decoy constructs that disrupt the PSD95–nNOS interface, the study demonstrates that this interaction is essential for NO‑mediated p38 activation and glutamate‑induced neuronal death, highlighting the interface as a selective neuroprotective target. NOS inhibition attenuates glutamate‑induced p38 activation and neuronal death, while NO donors mimic NO’s upstream role, confirming that PSD95–nNOS coupling drives p38‑mediated excitotoxicity.

Abstract

The stress-activated protein kinase p38 and nitric oxide (NO) are proposed downstream effectors of excitotoxic cell death. Although the postsynaptic density protein PSD95 can recruit the calcium-dependent neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) to the mouth of the calcium-permeable NMDA receptor, and depletion of PSD95 inhibits excitotoxicity, the possibility that selective uncoupling of nNOS from PSD95 might be neuroprotective is unexplored. The relationship between excitotoxic stress–generated NO and activation of p38, and the significance of the PSD95–nNOS interaction to p38 activation also remain unclear. We find that NOS inhibitors reduce both glutamate-induced p38 activation and the resulting neuronal death, whereas NO donor has effects consistent with NO as an upstream regulator of p38 in glutamate-induced cell death. Experiments using a panel of decoy constructs targeting the PSD95–nNOS interaction suggest that this interaction and subsequent NO production are critical for glutamate-induced p38 activation and the ensuing cell death, and demonstrate that the PSD95–nNOS interface provides a genuine possibility for design of neuroprotective drugs with increased selectivity.