Combined vascular endothelial growth factor and TP53 status predicts poor response to tamoxifen therapy in estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer.

Abstract

Combined TP53 gene mutation status and high VEGF levels of ER-positive primary breast tumors independently predict a poor course of the disease of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. These patients, having unfavorable tumor characteristics, might benefit more from other types of (individualized) treatment protocols.