Comparison of ACT and Standard Case Management for Delivering Integrated Treatment for Co-occurring Disorders

TLDR

Clients with co‑occurring severe mental and substance use disorders face high risk of institutionalization, and while integrated treatment is becoming standard, the optimal delivery method remains unclear. The study compared integrated treatment delivered via assertive community treatment versus standard clinical case management. The authors randomized 198 homeless or unstably housed clients with co‑occurring disorders to either model and followed them for three years, assessing multiple outcome domains. Both models produced improvements across domains, with substance use decreasing more than expected; however, at the high‑institutionalization site standard case management increased institutionalization risk, whereas at the low‑institutionalization site no difference was seen, showing integrated treatment can be delivered effectively by either model.

Abstract

Clients with co-occurring severe mental and substance use disorders are at high risk of institutionalization and other adverse outcomes. Although integrated mental health and substance abuse treatment is becoming a standard clinical approach for such clients, the optimal method for delivering integrated treatment remains unclear.This study compared integrated treatment delivered within two different models of community-based case management (assertive community treatment and standard clinical case management). A total of 198 clients in two urban sites who had co-occurring disorders and were homeless or unstably housed were randomly assigned to one of two treatment conditions and were followed for three years.Participants in both treatment conditions improved over time in multiple outcome domains, and few differences were found between the two models. Decreases in substance use were greater than would be expected given time alone. At the site that had higher rates of institutionalization, clients who received standard case management were more likely to be institutionalized. However, in the site that had lower rates of institutionalization, no differences in the rate of institutionalization were found between the two treatment conditions.Integrated treatment can be successfully delivered either by assertive community treatment or by standard clinical case management.