Thermoset characterization for moldability analysis

TLDR

Injection molding of thermosetting compounds is governed by complex interactions between material properties and processing conditions, yet empirical data on these effects are scarce, hindering predictive modeling and process optimization. The paper reviews recent kinetic, thermal, and rheological studies of thermosetting molding compounds to assess their impact on moldability. The authors synthesize these findings to provide a comprehensive overview of how material parameters influence cure dynamics, flow behavior, and residual stresses during molding.

Abstract

Abstract The injection molding of thermosetting compounds involves complex interactions between material parameters and molding conditions, on one hand, and moldability and the ultimate properties of molded parts, on the other hand. The main role of the molding variables may be related to their effects on the cure time and temperature and on the flow and thermal phenomena that affect orientation and residual stresses. These effects are manifested in the ultimate mechanical properties and shrinkage of the molded articles. Only scattered empirical data are available on the effects of material parameters, like the basic kinetic, thermal, rheological, and pressure‐volume‐temperature properties of thermosetting compounds. The lack of useful information in this area may be related to the unavailability of sufficient, satisfactory data on the above properties. This situation has also resulted in limitations on meaningful work towards the mathematical modelling of the molding process, which would be useful for the optimization of production rates and product quality. The paper summarizes the status of work in this area with emphasis on recent results relating to kinetic, thermal, and rheological characterization of thermosetting molding compounds.