A general equation for estimating Fe³⁺ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria

TLDR

The equation applies to ferromagnesian oxides and silicates such as garnets, spinels, magnetite, pyroxenes, sapphirine, and ilmenite, but is unsuitable for minerals with cation vacancies, variable‑valency elements, or complex substitutions. The study presents a simple general equation for estimating Fe³⁺ concentrations in ferromagnesian oxide and silicate minerals from microprobe analyses. The authors derive the equation from stoichiometric criteria assuming iron is the sole variable‑valency element and oxygen the only anion, relating Fe³⁺ per X oxygens to the ideal and observed cation totals, and offer variants for amphibole recalculation schemes.

Abstract

Abstract A simple general equation is presented for estimating the Fe 3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian oxide and silicate minerals from microprobe analyses. The equation has been derived using stoichiometric criteria assuming that iron is the only element present with variable valency and that oxygen is the only anion. In general, the number of Fe 3+ ions per X oxygens in the mineral formula, F , is given by; where T is the ideal number of cations per formula unit, and S is the observed cation total per X oxygens calculated assuming all iron to be Fe 2+ . Minerals for which this equation is appropriate include pyralspite and ugrandite garnet, aluminate spinel, magnetite, pyroxene, sapphirine and ilmenite. The equation cannot be used for minerals with cation vacancies (e.g. micas, maghemite) unless, as in the case of amphiboles, the number of ions of a subset of elements in the formula can be fixed. Variants of the above equation are presented for some of the numerous published schemes for the recalculation of amphibole formulae. The equation is also inappropriate for minerals showing Si 4+ = 4H + substitution (e.g. staurolite, hydrogarnet), minerals containing an unknown proportion of an unanalysed element other than oxygen (e.g. boron-bearing kornerupine) and minerals containing two or more elements with variable valency.