Impact of Increased Penetration of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Generators on Transient and Small Signal Stability of Power Systems

TLDR

Wind power is the fastest growing generation technology, and variable‑speed DFIG turbines are increasingly deployed, which alters the dynamics of power systems dominated by synchronous machines. This paper develops a method to assess how higher penetration of DFIG turbines affects transient and small‑signal stability in large power systems. By modeling DFIGs as equivalent synchronous machines, the authors analyze eigenvalue sensitivity to inertia, identify modes influenced by inertia changes, excite these modes, and evaluate transient stability on a Midwestern U.S. interconnection test system.

Abstract

The targeted and current development of wind energy in various countries around the world reveals that wind power is the fastest growing power generation technology. Among the several wind generation technologies, variable speed wind turbines utilizing doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are gaining momentum in the power industry. With the increase in penetration of these wind turbines, the power system dominated by synchronous machines will experience a change in dynamics and operational characteristics. Given this assertion, the present paper develops an approach to analyze the impact of increased penetration of DFIG-based wind turbines on transient and small signal stability of a large power system. The primary basis of the method is to convert the DFIG machines into equivalent conventional round rotor synchronous machines and then evaluate the sensitivity of the eigenvalues with respect to inertia. In this regard, modes that are both detrimentally and beneficially affected by the change in inertia are identified. These modes are then excited by appropriate disturbances and the impact of reduced inertia on transient stability performance is also examined. The proposed technique is tested on a large test system representing the Midwestern portion of the U.S. interconnection. The results obtained indicate that the proposed method effectively identifies both detrimental and beneficial impacts of increased DFIG penetration both for transient stability and small signal stability related performance.