Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog

TLDR

Molecular markers were used to analyze genetic relationships among 85 domestic dog breeds. Breed differences accounted for ~30% of genetic variation, microsatellite genotypes correctly assigned 99% of dogs to breeds, phylogenetic analysis distinguished ancient‑origin from modern European breeds, and four genetic clusters were identified, offering a genetic classification to aid phenotypic studies.

Abstract

We used molecular markers to study genetic relationships in a diverse collection of 85 domestic dog breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for ∼30% of genetic variation. Microsatellite genotypes were used to correctly assign 99% of individual dogs to breeds. Phylogenetic analysis separated several breeds with ancient origins from the remaining breeds with modern European origins. We identified four genetic clusters, which predominantly contained breeds with similar geographic origin, morphology, or role in human activities. These results provide a genetic classification of dog breeds and will aid studies of the genetics of phenotypic breed differences.